To use a keyboard shortcut, press and hold one or more modifier keys and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to use Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command key, then the C key, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards often use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys: Command (or Cmd) ⌘.
On basically every mouse, the scroll wheel can be clicked to perform what's called a 'middle click', and it's incredibly useful while browsing the web. You can middle-click any link to open it in the background, or middle-click any tab to close it. It's one of those things that are hard to live without once you discover them. The entire button should be clickable, not just the image portion. Include about 10 pixels of padding between your image edges and the button edges. Even though the edges of an image button aren't visible, they still define the clickable area for the button. Padding ensures that a user's click registers even if it misses the image slightly.
These key combinations apply only to Mac computers with an Intel processor, not Mac computers with Apple silicon.
To use any of these key combinations, press and hold the keys immediately after pressing the power button to turn on your Mac, or after your Mac begins to restart. Keep holding until the described behavior occurs.
- Command (⌘)-R: Start up from the built-in macOS Recovery system. Or use Option-Command-R or Shift-Option-Command-R to start up from macOS Recovery over the Internet. macOS Recovery installs different versions of macOS, depending on the key combination you use while starting up. If your Mac is using a firmware password, you're prompted to enter the password.
- Option (⌥) or Alt: Start up to Startup Manager, which allows you to choose other available startup disks or volumes. If your Mac is using a firmware password, you're prompted to enter the password.
- Option-Command-P-R:Reset NVRAM or PRAM. If your Mac is using a firmware password, it ignores this key combination or starts up from macOS Recovery.
- Shift (⇧): Start up in safe mode. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- D: Start up to the Apple Diagnostics utility. Or use Option-Dto start up to this utility over the Internet. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- N: Start up from a NetBoot server, if your Mac supports network startup volumes. To use the default boot image on the server, hold down Option-N instead. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- Command-S: Start up in single-user mode. Disabled in macOS Mojave or later, or when using a firmware password.
- T: Start up in target disk mode. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- Command-V: Start up in verbose mode. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- Eject (⏏) or F12 or mouse button or trackpad button: Eject removable media, such as an optical disc. Disabled when using a firmware password.
If a key combination doesn't work
If a key combination doesn't work at startup, one of these solutions might help: Bodega mac os.
- Press and hold all keys in the combination together, not one at a time.
- Shut down your Mac. Then press the power button to turn on your Mac. Then press and hold the keys as your Mac starts up.
- Wait a few seconds before pressing the keys, to give your Mac more time to recognize the keyboard as it starts up. Some keyboards have a light that flashes briefly at startup, indicating that the keyboard is recognized and ready for use.
- If you're using a wireless keyboard, plug it into your Mac, if possible. Or use your built-in keyboard or a wired keyboard. If you're using a keyboard made for a PC, such as a keyboard with a Windows logo, try a keyboard made for Mac.
- If you're using Boot Camp to start up from Microsoft Windows, set Startup Disk preferences to start up from macOS instead. Then shut down or restart and try again.
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Remember that some key combinations are disabled when your Mac is using a firmware password.
Learn more
- Keyboard shortcuts that you can use after your Mac has started up.
Push Buttons
A push button appears within a view and initiates an instantaneous app-specific action, such as printing a document or deleting a file. Push buttons contain text—not icons—and often open a separate window, dialog, or app so the user can complete a task.
Configure a push button the user is likely to select as the default. A default push button is prominent in appearance and automatically performs its action when the user presses Return. There can only be a single default button in a view.
Use a push button in a view, not a window frame. Push buttons aren't intended for use within toolbars and status bars. If you need a button in a toolbar, use a toolbar item. See Toolbars.
Display text rather than an icon in a push button. Users expect push buttons to include descriptive titles. If you want to display an icon in a button, use an image button instead. See Image Buttons.
Adjust a push button's width to accommodate the title. If you don't make the button wide enough, its title may be cut off.
Use title-case for push button titles. Capitalize every word except articles, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions of four or fewer letters.
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Ivibrate ultimate edition mac os. Use verbs in push button titles. An action-specific title shows that the button is interactive and conveys what happens when clicked. For example, Save, Close, Print, Delete, and Change Password are action-specific titles. Because buttons initiate immediate actions, there's no need for to include a time descriptor like Now.
Be specific when targeting a single item. A title like Choose Picture is more helpful than Import because it identifies what the user should choose.
Include a trailing ellipsis in the title when a push button opens another window, dialog, or app. For example, the Edit buttons in the AutoFill pane of Safari Preferences include ellipses because they open other dialogs or windows that let the user modify autofill values.
Use a push button in a view, not a window frame. Push buttons aren't intended for use within toolbars and status bars. If you need a button in a toolbar, use a toolbar item. See Toolbars.
Display text rather than an icon in a push button. Users expect push buttons to include descriptive titles. If you want to display an icon in a button, use an image button instead. See Image Buttons.
Adjust a push button's width to accommodate the title. If you don't make the button wide enough, its title may be cut off.
Use title-case for push button titles. Capitalize every word except articles, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions of four or fewer letters.
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Ivibrate ultimate edition mac os. Use verbs in push button titles. An action-specific title shows that the button is interactive and conveys what happens when clicked. For example, Save, Close, Print, Delete, and Change Password are action-specific titles. Because buttons initiate immediate actions, there's no need for to include a time descriptor like Now.
Be specific when targeting a single item. A title like Choose Picture is more helpful than Import because it identifies what the user should choose.
Include a trailing ellipsis in the title when a push button opens another window, dialog, or app. For example, the Edit buttons in the AutoFill pane of Safari Preferences include ellipses because they open other dialogs or windows that let the user modify autofill values.
Avoid providing introductory labels. Push button titles should be descriptive enough that a label is unnecessary.
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Separate destructive buttons from nondestructive controls. Destructive buttons should be far enough away from other elements that the user has to make an intentional effort to click the button.
Written in the stars (rooftops revolution) mac os. Use a checkbox instead of a button when the user needs to choose between two states. The on and off states of a checkbox are generally clearer to most users than a push button configured as a toggle. See Checkboxes.
Use a pop-up button when you need to present a list of choices. A pop-up button's appearance informs the user that a list will be presented. See Pop-Up Buttons.
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Consider enabling spring loading. Push buttons can be configured to support spring loading on systems with a Force Touch trackpad. Spring loading lets a user activate the button by dragging selected items over it and force clicking—pressing harder—without dropping the selected items. The user can then continue dragging the items, possibly to perform additional actions. For developer guidance, see isSpringLoaded.
For developer guidance, see NSButton, NSButtonCell, and the NSMomentaryPushInButton and NSMomentaryLightButton styles of NSButtonType.
